History Department Salem State College
Historic Essex  at  Salem  State  College

Early Essex County Probate Inventories

Probate inventories can be an amazing glimpse into daily life and material culture in early America. This page brings together transcriptions as well as links to several original probate inventories for early Essex County, Massachusetts. Most of the following have been transcribed by Erin Rydren and Emerson Baker from The Probate Records of Essex County, a published transcription which contains all surviving county probates from 1635 to 1681. This three volume set contains hundreds of wills and inventories for deceedants throughout Essex County. Over time we hope to add to this list, bringing in inventories from other towns, and later dates.

Hints on Reading Probate Inventories: Dates, Money, Spelling & Archaic Words
Early Probate Inventories from Salem
Inventories from the Balch House, Beverly (1648-1750)
Original Salem probate documents at  Salem in History
Links to other on-line probate inventories


Early Probate Inventories from Salem, Massachusetts
John Watkins, 1641
John Bradley, 1642
Joanna Cummings, 1644
John Maddox, 1644
John Talbey, 1644
Margaret Pease, 1644
Robert Pease, 1644
Isabel West, 1644
Margery Wathin, 1645
John Thorne, 1646
Richard Bartholomew, 1646
Emme Mason, 1646
William Clark, 1647
John Symonds, 1671
John Wilkins, 1672
Thomas Oliver, 1679
Robert Starr, 1679
Thomas Cole, 1679
Alestar Mackmallen, 1679
George Gardner, 1679
Roger Conant, 1679
Isaac Goodale, 1679
William Lake, 1680
Jacob Preston, 1680
John Turner, 1680
Major William Hathorn, 1681
Thomas Ives, 1695
Joshua Grafton, 1699
Richard Willard, 1734
John Gardner, 1750

Hannah Higgenson gravestone, Charter Street, Salem

Gravestone of Hannah Higgenson (died 1713),      Charter Street Burial Ground, Salem.

Inventories related to the Balch House, Beverly, Massachusetts
John Balch,  1648
Agnes Balch, 1657
Benjamin Balch, 1750
Cornelius Balch (Topsfield), 1750

Images of original probate documents at the Salem in History Web Site
Francis Plummer, 1672
Joshua Grafton, 1699

Inventories for Narbonne House, Salem
Thomas Ives, 1695
Richard Willard, 1734

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Hints on Reading Probate Inventories: Dates, Money, Spelling and Archaic Words

Dates
Although Catholic Europe adopted the Gregorian Calendar on January 1, 1583, England remained on the Julian Calendar until January 1, 1752.  To further complicate matters, in the seventeenth century Englishmen used March 25 (Conception Day) as the start of the ecclesiasticial, civic, and legal year. This makes March the first month, and February 12.

So, February 20, 1653 would be written as 20: 12: 1652  or sometimes 20: 12: 1652/3
and April 20, 1653 would be written as 20: 2: 1653

Money
British money, then as now is divided into £ (pounds) s (shillings) and d (pence). If you think the British were late to change their calendar, they did not decimalize their currency until 1971. So, in the 1600s, the following exchange rates were in effect:
20s = £1
12d=1s

Spelling
Until Noah Webster published his dictionary in 1828, there was no "correct" way to spell words, alone punctuate and capitalize. You will  see that writers were often inconsistent in spelling the same word, in the same inventories.  If you are stumped by the meaning of a word, it may just be the spelling is really odd. You may want to try reading the word or phrase outloud. Actually, you can sometimes see traces of accents in spelling people chose to use.

Archaic Words
At other times, reading outloud simply won't help, as you are dealing with an archaic bit of English, or an archaic meaning for a word. Your best bet here is the Oxford English Dictionary. It is available in our library, and also most public libraries. It is an amazing reference that give the meaing of all English words, during different historical times.

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Other On-Line Probate Inventories
Selected Inventories from Plymouth Colony, 1628-1682 at the Plymouth Colony Archive Project
Selected Virginia and Maryland inventories, 1740-1810 at Gunston Hall
Inventories of the Bean Homestead, York, Maine, 1677-1757

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Inventory of the estate of John Balch taken July 28, 1648

 

 

 

by John Porter, Peter Palfrey, Jeffrie Massey and Nicholas Patch

 

 

 

 

£

s

d

Apparell

51

10

0

dwelling house & barne

16

0

0

one farme of medow and upland containege 210 Ackers

56

0

0

9 Ackers of whete

9

0

0

6 Ackers if indian

6

0

0

one Acker of _________

1

0

0

2 Ackers of barley

2

0

0

5 yoaks of eoxen at 10, 11 and 12 each yoke

33

0

0

a yoke of Steares

8

10

0

3 cowes & 2 heffers

22

0

0

2 yearelinge heffers

4

0

0

a yearelinge mare fole

5

0

0

wheles, chaines & yokes with other implements of husbandry

3

0

0

Frute trees in the Orchad

10

0

0

5 yeards & 1/2 of broadcloth

3

6

0

11 yeards of sarge

2

15

0

22 years of linin

1

2

0

13 yeards of cotten cloth

1

14

8

2 fether beds, w bolsters and 2 pilloes

5

5

0

1 paire of sheats

 

8

0

2 bead coverings

 

16

0

one Rugg

 

10

0

one bead and bloster

1

10

0

one blankett & coveringe

 

8

0

one paire of shees

 

5

0

4 shetes & 1/2

1

10

0

2 pillobeares

 

4

0

6 napkins

 

6

0

2 beadsteads

 

12

0

2 tables

 

7

0

2 tronks

 

6

0

one chest

 

5

0

one warmeinge pan

 

6

0

yearne, flakes & hempe

1

0

0

chares & stoles

 

3

0

12 bushells of indian corne

1

16

0

4 bushells of malte

 

16

0

one winopett & 3 bages

 

14

0

tubes & 6 barells & other wooden ware

1

0

0

3 hides

 

15

0

2 old chestes

 

2

0

toolese & old ireron

1

0

0

one bras pan & 2 bras cettles

1

0

0

a littell bras pott, 2 ireron pottes

1

0

0

peuter

 

10

0

2 muskets, one fowllinge peace with other armes

2

0

0

2 _____________

 

4

0

one ____________

 

10

0

____________

 

10

0

____________

 

5

0

one cannoe

 

10

0

chease pres

1

0

0

one hog

1

6

8

severall books

 

12

0

one calfe

1

0

0

total

220

13

12

 

 

 

 

Essex County Quarterly Court Files vol. 1 leaf 100

 

 

 

The Probate Records of Essex County vol. 1 p. 97.

 

 

 

 
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Inventory of the Estate of Anes Balsh taken Nov. 25, 1657

 

 

 

by John Rayment and Henery Hericke

 

 

 

 

£

s

d

One bed and bolster and pilo

3

0

0

two Rugs

1

0

0

one payer of shets

 

6

0

one Cot and blancett

1

0

0

3 Cotes

1

0

0

one waskot and two aprons

 

10

0

two shifes and an aperen and A pocetket hanshercher

 

10

0

one pot, a Cettell, one Scelet and payll

 

8

0

one hat

 

8

0

one bibell, one payer stockings

 

10

0

one trunck and Chest

 

5

0

one warmen pan

 

3

0

one Carpet and plater

 

8

0

one Chayer, one Crock, one payer beloes

9

11

0

 

18

19

0

Essex County Quarterly Court Files vol. 3 leaf 147

 

 

 

The Probate Records of Essex County vol. 1 p. 264.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Benjamin Balch's bill of charges

 

 

 

Essex Co. Quarterly Court Files vol. 3 leaf 147

 

 

 

Attendance for two years

15

12

0

for coming to town to Mr. Curwin

1

0

0

at hir buriall for Cofen and Casks and drink

2

0

0

total

18

12

0

 

 

 

 

 June 29, 1658, that Benjamin Balch have the estate of Agnis Balch in order to pay her debts

 

 

 

 

Salem Quarterly Court Records vol. 4, leaf 20.

 

 

 

The Probate Records of Essex County, vol. I, p. 263.

 

 

 


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An Inventory of the Estate both Real & Personal of Decd Benjamin Balch late of Beverly

 

in ye County of Essex in New England Decd Taken on April  ye 20th A.D. 1750

 

 

At the Appraizment of Capt Henry Herrick Nathll Brown & Israel Wood.

 

 

 

A Comtee Appointed hereto by the Hon Thos Berry Esq Judge of Probate of Wills

 

 

for and within the County of Essex and is as followeth   Vizt:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Real Estate

£

s

d

The homestead land contains abt 6 Acres wth ye house and barn

120

0

0

A peice of land Calld ye 10 Acre Lott  Cont ab. 11 Acres

74

0

0

A peice of land Calld ye Close Containing 6 Acres

54

0

0

To wood land &  meadow in rail feild (so Called) 4 Acres

27

0

0

 

 

 

 

Personal Estate

 

 

 

To a horse 120/  Cow & Calf 80/  Ditto wth calf 80/  a Cow 80/

18

0

0

To a heiffer 35/ 1 yearling 16/   4 sheep & 2 lambs 42/6 

4

13

6

To 1 swine 21/  One Bond on Elezar Kimball for £100 old tenor £13 6/8

14

7

8

To 1 Bond on Peter Hunt for £100 old Tenor

13

6

8

To 1 Bond on Ebenezr Kimball for £50 old Tenor unto Barnaby Raymond

 

 

 

        Decd thought to be payable to the Executor of Decd Balch

6

13

4

To a Note of hand of Israel Herrick for £10 old Tenor

1

6

8

To an old plow & Irons  1/6  Axes & Hamer 3/  Gun Sword & warming pan

1

11

2